氮肥后移对沿黄灌区制种玉米产量和 土壤硝态氮分布的影响

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关键词：氮肥后移；制种玉米；硝态氮分布；氮盈余；氮肥偏生产力

中图分类号：S513；S147.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2097-2172（2025）07-0617-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2025.07.005

Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Seed Maize Yield and Nitrate Nitrogen Distribution in the Irrigation Region along the Yellow River

CUI Yunling1， ZHENG Haofei¹，SUN Hezhe¹， ZHANG Liqin¹， WU Zhengqiang²，BAO Huicun² （1.InstituteofSoil，FerilizerandWater-savingAgriculture，Gansu AcademyofAgricultural Sciencs，LanzhouGansu7000， China;2.GansuProvincialAgricultural Construction Project Management Station，Lanzhou Gansu 73oo，China）

Abstract：Toprovidescienticevidenceforhigh yieldandeficientnitrogenuseinseed maize productionunderdripirigation intheiigatioegionalongteellowRiver，anitrogenmanagementexperimentwasconductedunderatotalNplcationateof2 kg/ha.Farmer's conventional fertilization（ 30%：0：30%：30%：10% at basal， jointing，largebell，tasselingsilking，and filing stages）. was used as control.3 treatments were designed with nitrogen alocation ratios of 15% ：15% ：30% ：20% ： 20%， 0：30%：30% （20 20%：20% ，and 0：0：50%：30%：20% （basal fertilizer jointing stage ∴ big trumpet stage ∴ tasseling and silking stage ： filling stage）， respectively.Nitratenitrogen concentration in 0 to10O cm soil layer and seed yield，along with major agronomic traits，were measured at presowig，igeteiiigdetssesultsodatpadtoioalilicc the 0：30%：30%：20%：20%：20% treatment significantly increased the seed yield by 57.92% and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 58.15% .Kernel weight per ear was significantlyand positively correlated with yield，whilestem diameter andear length showed no significant differences.Attasseling stage，nitrate nitrogen content intheOto2Ocmsoillayerincreased by 74.77% ，whereas thatinthe6O to1OOcmlayerdecreased significantlyby 66.65% to 81.81% ，indicatingreduced nitrogenleachingrisk.Therefore，in the irigation regionalong theYelow River，postponing nitrogenapplication tothe jointingstage withan alocationof 0：30%：30%：20% ： 20% cansignificantlyenhanceseedmaizeyieldandnitrogenuseeficiencywhilereducing nitrate nitrogenresidue indepsoillayers.

These results provide theoretical support for sustainable and green seed maize production in this region.

KeyWords：Delayednitrogenapplication;Seed maize;Nitratenitrogen distribution;Nitrogensurplus;Partialfactorproductivity of nitrogen fertilizer

种子是农业的芯片，保持种子产量对于稳定国家粮食安全意义重大。（剩余8588字）