比较视野下的魏晋南北朝别业的演进特征研究

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MIAO Wanqi，PANG Sener，ZHANG Baoxin*

基金项目：课题“基于考古的中国园林转型发展演进特征研究”（编号：ZX2023018）；科研课题“唐代王维辋川别业研究及其图像呈现”（编号：YBG202401）

Abstract

Keywords

The period of the Wei， Jin，and Northern and Southern Dynasties marks the first pivotal stage in the development of classical Chinese gardens following their inception.During this era，significantadvancementswere observed in the typesand contentof gardens，as well as ingarden-making techniques.Particularly notable was the trend toward the gardenization of manorial estates，a development influenced by multiple culturalfactors such as the ethos of seclusion，the philosophies of Buddhism，Taoism，and Neo-Taoism，and the flourishing of landscape literature.To systematically reveal theevolutionary characteristics of these estatesand their relationshipwith gardens，thisstudy employsa historical comparative approach basedondocumentary and archaeological evidence.Through horizontal comparisons of estate cases from the Weiand Jin periods and a vertical comparison between Jingu Garden and the Tang-dynasty Wangchuan Villa，the analysis focuses on dimensions such as construction purposes，functional structures，and artistic conception. Thefindings indicate that estates during the Wei and Jin periods served dualfunctions of productionand seclusion.Early examples，represented by Jingu Garden，retained strong economicattributes，while later estates gradually shifted toward residential and spiritual purposes.These estates reflect their owners'pursuit of poeticand pictorial imageryas well asan idealized living environment.The gardenization of these estates exerted a profound influence on the formationand development of later gardens，particularly mountain retreats.

Landscape architecture; Classical gardens;Wei-Jin to Southern and Northern Dynasties;Villaand mountain life;Gardenculture

文章亮点

1）建立“时空双维”比较框架，通过横向揭示魏晋时代不同别业的差异，纵向比较从魏晋别业到唐宋园墅别业的发展与转变，探究魏晋时期别业的演进特征；2）通过对具体别业案例进行有针对性的分析，阐释隐逸思想等是如何在别业营造和使用中体现的。（剩余10541字）