草原防火技术研究进展

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中图分类号：S812.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2025）08-2413-10

doi：10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.08.001

Abstract：Grassand fires，particularly devastating fires，cause severe declines in biodiversity，vegetation degradation，environmental pollution，and significant human and property losses.Therefore，effective wildfire pre vention and control in grassand ecosystems is extremely important.This paper systematically reviewed global grassland fire management technologies and proposed a comprehensive framework centered on four core compo nents：forecasting techniques，monitoring technology，barrer technology，and fire extinguishing technology. Forecasting techniques used models to assess fire occurrence probability and intensity，which triggered the activation of an“air-space-ground” integrated monitoring network for long-term surveillance of high-risk areas. Pre-planned firebreaks were strategically deployed based on early warnings to create physical bariers.When fires occurred，an intellgent decision-making system quickly generated optimal suppression strategies using precollected fire behavior data，enabling targeted fire suppression. These four technologies were integrated into a closed-loop management system encompassing“prediction- warning，dynamic monitoring，physical barriers， and precision suppression，”with artificial intellgence and big data platforms facilitating technical interoperabilityand information sharing.Future research should prioritize eco-friendly solutions，inteligent control mechanisms，and high-efficiency precision technologies.This study provided a critical theoretical foundation for enhancing China's grassland fire prevention systems and mitigating fire-related damages.

Key Words：Grassland fire prevention;Forecasting techniques;Monitoring technology;Barrier technology;Fire extinguishing technology

我国草原资源丰富，总面积约为293万 km2[1] 草原作为我国面积最大的陆地生态系统，具有涵养水源、防风固沙、调节气候、固碳释氧和维护生物多样性等生态功能[2-4]。（剩余21781字）