约瑟夫·阿蒂尔·德·戈比诺对威廉·冯·洪堡的语言观念的误读

中图分类号：B504 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-3851（2025）08-0414-08

Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau's misreading of Wilhelm von Humboldt's language ideologies

ZHUANG Fujing （Department of History，Fudan University，Shanghai 2OO433，China）

Abstract：When Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau expressed the linguistic manifestation of racial inequality， he cited Wilhelm von Humboldt's interpretation of language many times.However，he systematically misread Humboldt's opinions.With regard to the diversity of languages，the correlation between language and blood，and the hybridization of diferent languages，Gobineau took Humboldt's opinions out of context and even obviously distorted what Humboldt intended to express，developing the racial-linguistic theory. This sort of misreading originates both from the epochal diferences in their respective national and racial ideologies，but also reveals a shared cognitive paradigm—the emphasis on human subjectivity and the presupposition of the ideal states of human beings.

Key Words： Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau; Wilhelm von Humboldt; language; race； misreading

约瑟夫·阿蒂尔·德·戈比诺（Joseph-Arthur deGobineau，1816—1882）是法国作家和思想家。（剩余15086字）