观果海棠品种果实观赏特征分析

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中图分类号：S686 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-2006（2025）05-0183-08

Analysisofornamental fruitcharacteristicsincrabapplecultivars

XU Tianwei1， ZHANG Wangxiang1，2*，FENG Lan1，LU Xiaoji1，YU Pengfei³ （1. College of Forestryand Grassand，College of Soil and Water Conservation，Nanjing Forestry University，Nanjing 210037，China;2. Yangzhou Crabapple Horticulture Company Limited，Yangzhou 2252Oo，China; 3.Suining County Runqi Investment Co.，Ltd.，Xuzhou 221ooo，China）

Abstract：【Objective】Thisstudyinvestigatedtheornamentalcharacteristicsoffruitcolorin3Oornamentalcrabapple cultivars，aiming to providereferences for breeding and landscapeapplications.【Method】Seasonal variations in fruit colorwereobservedtoclassifycultivarsintocolorgroupsand determineoptimalviewing periods.Thediversityand temporalcomplementarityoffruitcolorwithinthecultivar group weresystematicallyanalyzed.【Result】Theresults showed that：cluster analysis of fruit color parameters（Euclidean distance ）categorized the cultivars into five color series：green （10.0%） ，yellow （16.6%） ，orange （6.7%）. red （60.0%） ，and purple （6.7%）. Brightness values followed the hierarchy： green series （67.7） > yellow series （64.9） > orange series （46.5）> red series （32.6）> （204号 purple seres （20.5）.The optimal fruit viewing period was at the same tinie frame in autumn（September-November）， with cultivar diversity index showing a normal distribution pattern：early-autumn（ .50.0% ），mid-autumn （ 60.0% ），and late-autumn （ 63.3% ）.The average optimal viewing duration was 1.5 months，with the shortest being 1 month and the longest neaching 3 months.Based on color vividness，surface gloss，andspot presence，the ornamental valueof the 30 cultivars was classified into three tiers （A-C）.Top-tier（A）cultivars included Malus‘Han Yancui’， M ‘Red Jewel’，M.‘Hong Ou’，M.‘Hong Zhenzhu’，M.‘Hong Tu’，M.‘Sheng Xia’，M.‘Shiyue Guanghui’，and M ‘Yu Ji’.【Conclusion】The crabapple cultivars exhibit high fruit color diversity，extended group viewing seasons and individual viewing periods.These multi-colored，multi-seasonal cultivars provide significant supportforautumn tourism and ornamental applications，demonstrating substantial value for promoting the crabapple tourism industry.

Keywords：ornamental crabapple；fruit color；optimal viewing period；cultivar diversity

海棠（Malus spp.）是蔷薇科（Rosaceae）苹果属（Malus）果实直径 ⩽5cm 的植物[1]，其花、叶、果实、树形都具有较高的观赏价值。（剩余12821字）