体育中考政策变迁的制度困境及纾解路径

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关键词：体育中考政策；历史制度主义；动力机制；深层结构；路径依赖中图分类号：G807 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1004-0560（2025）05-0045-07DOI：10.12163/j. ssu.20250162

Institutional Dilemmas and Resolution Paths of Policy Change of High School Entrance Examination on Physical Education

GAO Shoudong' ，Ruan Chengwu² （1. School of Physical Education，Anhui Normal University，Wuhu 2410O3，Anhui，China ; 2. School of Educational Science，Anhui Normal University，Wuhu 2410OO，Anhui，China）

Abstract：The policyof high schol entrance examination on physical education is related to the physical healthof primary andsecondaryschoolstudentsandtheirall-rounddevelopment，whichisanimportant guaranteeforthehigh-quality development ofschool physical education.Thisstudy employs the methodsof literaturereviewandlogicalanalysis，and takes historical institutionalismasthetheoretical perspectiveand methodologytoexplaintheinstitutional dilemmasandits causes of the policychange of high school entranceexamination onphysical education，and proposes theresolution paths. It suggeststhatthe institutional dilemmasofthepolicychangeof high school entrance examinationonphysical education mainly manifest as follows：contradictions and tensions between policy requirements and action logic regarding“what to examine”，betweenresult-based evaluationand process-based evaluationconcerning“how to examine”，and between increasing the weight of scores and avoiding excessve competition in terms of“how to reform”.The causes stem from the imbalanceofthegovernment'sresponsibilityandauthoritystructureatthedeeplevel，theshacklesoftheresourceallocation system，and theconstraints of cultural values and concepts；and from the increasingcost of local governments avoiding policy risks inpath dependence，thedificultyforschols toescape theinterestgame，andtheexam-orientedbenefit consideration offamilyinput and return.Accordingly，the folowing resolution paths are proposed：deepening thereformof education system and mechanisms to dissolve theexternal resistance of policy change；optimizing the examination and evaluation mechanisms to motivate the internal driveof the implementing entities；and transcendingtheboundedrationality of the implementing entities to enhance the collaborative efficacy of policy implementation.

Key words：policyof highschool entranceexaminationonphysicaleducation；historical institutionalism；driving mechanism; deep structure; path dependence

体育中考政策（有学者称之为“中考体育政策”，相关政策文件称为“中考体育测试”，其内涵基本一致）是为增强中小学生体质而将体育纳人初中毕业生升学考试并将分值纳入录取计分科目的教育考试政策。（剩余10882字）