沥青罐车用5454铝合金板材性能研究

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Research on the Performance of 5454 Aluminum Alloy Plate for AsphaltTankCars

Man Ruiping， Zhu Xiao， Ni Hui， Liu Di， Liu Shuchong，Wang Leyang （LiaoyangXiangyu AluminumIndustryCo.，Ltd.，Liaoyang）

Abstract：Toverify theapplicabilityof 5454 aluminum alloy in the manufacture of asphalt tank cars，special testsare carried out for the application scenarios of 5454 aluminum alloy in asphalt tank cars.High-temperature tensile tests at 160C and asphalt medium immersion tests for 72 hours are conducted on 5454-H32 and 5454-O aluminum alloyplates.Theevolutionlawof materials isanalyzed through microscopicobservationand performance detection.The results show that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy decreases at 160∘C compared to room temperaturebutstill mets theengineeringrequirements.Nosignificantcorrosionwasobservedafterimmersion in the asphaltmedium.Thenano-scale Mg2Si precipitatesin thematrix did not notablyafect material performance，and joints welded withER5356 filler wire exhibitedsuperior properties.Itisrecommended toprioritizetheuseof 5454- H32 plates and adopt the ER5356 welding process.

KeyWords：5454AluminumAlloy，AsphaltTankCars，High-temperature Tensile，SecondPhase

1前言

5xxx系Al-Mg合金以 Mg 为主要合金元素，其在Al基体的最大溶解质量分数可达 17.4% ，但在工业应用中， Mg 含量通常控制在 5.5% 以下，该系合金凭借加工硬化机制即可实现强度提升，同时保持优良的耐蚀性能，其中，5454铝合金兼具优异的耐蚀性、耐磨性、焊接性、切削加工性和成形塑性[-2]，已广泛应用于化工装备领域，如碳化塔水箱、换热器管道及汽车工业领域，如发动机托架与机座、油罐车车身、汽车轮毂等。（剩余4469字）