宜机化茶树新品种选育指标研究

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中图分类号：S571.1 文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-3150（2025）12-57-12

Abstract：Toidentifythe keydeterminants influencing theeficacyofmechanical harvesting inteaplants（Camellia sinensis）and toestablishaquantitative indicator forcultivarselection，corelationandmultiple regressionanalyses were performedon32 parameters colected from157mechanical harvesting trials.The results revealedthat pre-harvest canopy bud density was intimately associated with shoot maturity and significantly impacted harvesting yield.Higher shoot maturityconsistently improvedboth the qualityandquantityof mechanicallyharvested leaves."One budand two leaves" and "one bud and three leaves or more"shoots were identified as principal constituents ofshoot uniformity，when the proportion of one bud and three leaves on the canopy reached 30%±5% ，the value calculated as "one bud and two leaves proportion ×0.6+ one bud and three leaves or more proportion ×0.4" effectively served as an indicator for evaluating canopyuniformity.Phenotypic atributes，including hundred-bud weight，shoot length，basal stem length，and lowest internode length，significantlycorrelated with harvesting performance，wherein lowest internode length demonstrated greater predictive power for intact shoot rate than shoot length.Targeting shoots ofone bud and threeleaves and less tenderness achieved an optimal balance between intact shoot rate and yield，with the ideal harvest window defined as when one-bud-three-leaf shoots comprised 30%±5% of canopy coverage. Predictive models for intact shoot rate （ R= 0.841）and yield （ R=0.793 ）were developed， each incorporating seven interrelated factors，among which canopy bud densityandthreeadditional raitsconstitutedcommonkeyparameters.Quantitative breeding indicators formechanizationsuitable varieties were determined based on 35 batches meeting the criteria of "intact shoot recovery rate ⩾75% and yield .These findings furnish a theoretical underpinning for tea cultivar breedingand mechanical harvesting technologyoptimization.

Keywords： tea cultivar， mechanical harvesting， evaluation index，bud-leaf trait， prediction mode

茶作为中国传统饮品，在国民经济与民生领域占据重要地位。（剩余9526字）