公众对器官分配认知、态度及偏好的调查与分析

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[关键词]器官分配；器官捐献；伦理；公平

[中图分类号]R-052 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1001-8565（2025）11-1409-10

DOI：10.12026/j.issn.1001-8565.2025.11.05

Abstract： Objective：To examine the public cognition，preferences，and values regarding organ allocation， thereby enhancing the public trust in China’s organ allocation system and providing a theoretical basis for human organ allocation in China.Methods：By drawing on foreign questionnaires and finalizing the questionnaire after two rounds of expert discusson and evaluation，a nationwide online survey was conducted to investigate the Chinese public's cognition，atitudes，and preferences towards organ allocation.Results： Nearly half of the respondents reported that they had only heard of （ 45.44% ）orhad never heard of（ 46.90% ）the Organ Procurement Organizations （OPOs）.Most respondents expressed limited understanding of China’ s organ allocation policy 68.42% ）or specific procedures （ 67.89%） .Only 9.65% of respondents expressed strong support for the current organ allocation policy，while 75.76% indicated that national allocation policies would influence their wilingness or decision to donate organs.The public showed stronger endorsement of the principles of“prioritizing the sickest，”“first-come，first-served，”and“prioritizing those with better prognosis” for organ allocation. There were statistically significant differences in the public cognition， attitudes，and preferences for organ allocation by gender，age，education level， and occupation （all P<0.05） Conclusion：The Chinese public's cognition regarding organ allocation is generally low，and their willingness to donate organs is not high.The public atitude towards organ alocation policy remains unclear and is stilin a “wait-and-see” state；the public prefers an ethical distribution model that balances fairness and eficiency. Increasing the public understanding of organ allcation procedures and incorporating public opinion into national organ allocation guidelines could play a significant role in enhancing public willingness to donate organs.

Keywords： organ allocation;organ donation；ethics;fairness

在中国，器官移植使用的合法渠道是公民逝世后自愿器官捐献，然而需要器官移植的患者数量却远远超过可用器官。（剩余10177字）