南海海马冷泉沉积物中微生物多样性测定及其功能特征分析

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中图分类号：TB9;Q938 文献标志码：A文章编号：1674-5124（2025）09-0091-11

Abstract： To explore the microbial community structure and functional gene characteristics in the Haima cold seep sediments of the South China Sea， cultivation-dependent isolation was employed to culture aerobic and anaerobicbacteriaat 4‰ and 37°C ，metagenomic sequencingwas employed to analyzemicrobial diversity and KEGG metabolic pathways， the abundances of methane metabolism genes and antibiotic resistance genes were also annotated.A total of 103 pure bacterial strains were isolated from the sediments，belonging to 3 phyla （Proteobacteria， Firmicutes and Actinobacteria）and 29 genera，with the dominant genera being Pseudoalteromonas， Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Additionally，typical psychrophilic Shewanell and anaerobic Clostridium were identified. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that the cold seep sediments were dominated by bacteria （92.22%） ，comprising 34 phyla and 1O33 genera，primarily Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.While archaea consisted of 5 phyla and 91 genera， primarily Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota. Fungi included 2 phyla and 17 genera， namely Apicomplexa and Bacillariophyta. Compared with non-cold seep sediments from the same marine area， the microbial community is more abundant in cold seep sediments， particularly the methanogenicarchaeaMethanosarcinaandMethanococcoides.However， 85% ofKEGG secondary metabolic pathways were lessabundant，especially those related to cellular motility associated with cellular chemotaxis and signal transduction. Notably， 70% of methane metabolic genes were more abundant in cold seep sediments， particularly fwdE and hdrA2，which are involved in methanogenesis.Moreover， 71% of antibiotic resistance genes exhibited higher abundance， though oxazolidinone and amphenicol resistance genes were only anotated in non-cold seep sediments.In conclusion，the Haima cold seep sediments harbor richer bacterial，archaeal and fungal communities，with an enrichment of methanogenic metabolic genes and diverse bacterial isolates possessing potential applications in enzyme and bioenergy development.

Keywords： Haima cold seep sediments; microbial diversity;methane metabolism

0 引言

深海环境是地球上最大的极端环境生态系统之一，其特点是高压、黑暗、低温和寡营养[1]。（剩余16322字）