早打顶对棉花集中成熟的影响机制

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中图分类号：S562 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2025）05-0840-08

Abstract：Concentrated maturation is essential for the mechanized harvesting of coton.To explore new approaches for achievingconcentrated maturation incoton，experimentswereconductedusingacommercialcottoncultivar K836asthe testing material in2022 and2O23，withthetwotreatmentssuchasearlytoping atearlyflowering stageandconventional toppingatpeak floweringstage（CK）.Theeffectsof diffrenttopping timesonplantarchitecture，spatialandtemporaldistributionofcoton bols，dry materaccumulationandpartioning，yieldandquality，andconcentratedmaturation werecompared.Theresults showed thatearly toppinghad no significant impact on seed cottonyield and fiber quality compared to conventional topping.Compared with CK，the cotton boll weight and biological yield of early topping treatment decreased by 9.1% （2 and 24.0% ，respectively，and the cottonboll densityand harvest index increased by 11.6% and33.2%，respectively.The number of fruit branches in early topping treatment decreased by 40.5% ，theleaf area indexand dry matter accumulation in peak flowering stage，peak boll-setting stage and boll opening

stage decreased significantly，but the node-branch ratio increased by 59.3% . Compared with CK，partition ratios of photosynthetic products to cotton bolls in peak flowering stage，peak bollsetting stage and boll opening stage increased by 10.6% ， 29.2% and 32.7% ，respectively. The boll-opening rate at 42 d after initial boll opening in early topping treatment was 92.8% ， which was significantly higher than that of CK （ 63.8% ）. The time required for the boll opening rate to reach 95.0% in early topping treatment wastendaysshorterthanthatofCK.Therefore，undertheconditionsofthisexperiment，topingattheearlyfloweringstage couldpromotetheconcentratedmaturationofcottononthebasisofmaintainingthestabilityofcotonyieldandquality.Thisstudy provides a new path for the regulation of cotton concentrated maturation.

Key words： cotton；early topping；yield formation；concentrated maturity；concentrated bollopening

棉花是中国重要的大宗经济作物，在国民经济发展中占有至关重要的地位，其加工产物有纤维、油料和饲料等。（剩余10457字）