利多卡因在耳鼻喉科手术麻醉中的临床应用进展

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关键词：利多卡因；耳鼻喉科手术；麻醉效果；术后疼痛

中图分类号：R614文献标志码：A文章编号：2097-7174（2025）11-1106-06

DOI：10.3969/j. issn.2097-7174. 2025.11. 014

Abstract：Otolaryngological surgery presents unique challnges for anesthetic management due to theconfinedoperating space，intricate anatomical tructures，andashared airwaysurgery.Lidocaine，asacommonlyusedamidelocalanesthetic， hasgarmeredincreasingatentionnotonlyforitslocalanestheticandantiarrhythmicpropertiesbutalsoforitsrolesin perioperativeanalgesia，suppresionofirwayreflexes，and mitigationof inflammatoryresponses.This articlesynthesizes curentdomesticand foreignliterature tosystematicallyreviewthepharmacological mechanisms of lidocaine，itsroutesof administration（suchaslocal infiltration，spray，and intravenous infusion），aswellas itseficacyandsafetyacross diferenttypesofotolaryngological surgeries.Theliteraturedemonstratesthat lidocaineisefectiveinalleviating postoperative pain，reducing coughingandthroatdiscomfort，improving surgicalfieldconditions，andpossesses certain anti-inflammatoryandneuroprotectiveproperties.However，duetosignificantinterindividualvariabilityinitsplasma concentrations，dosage must be adjusted basedon patient characteristics，particularly requiring caution in pediatric populations and patients with hepaticorrenal impairment.Future research should focus on developing pharmacokietic/ pharmacodynamic model-guided individualized dosing strategiesandexploring its integration within enhancedrecovery pathways in otolaryngology surgery.

Keywords：Lidocaine；Otolaryngological surgery；Anesthetic effect；Postoperative pain

耳鼻喉科手术因其解剖结构复杂、手术部位敏感以及对精细操作的高要求，对麻醉技术提出了特殊挑战：手术过程中需确保术野清晰、血流动力学稳定，并尽量减少术后并发症。（剩余12881字）