超视距传播机制下的时差定位折射修正技术

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中图分类号：TN97 文献标志码：A DOI：10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2025.07.

Abstract： In response to the significant increase of atmospheric refraction error caused by two types of overthe-horizon propagation mechanisms： atmospheric duct and tropospheric scattering，which seriously affect the long-distance target positioning accuracy of the three station passive time diference positioning system，a refraction correction of time difference of arival（TDOA）method for the over-the-horizon propagation mechanism is proposed. The method uses ray tracing technology to accurately calculate the ray trajectory parameters on the signal propagation path in the influence of atmospheric duct and tropospheric scattering environment，the measured time delay difference error from refraction is corrected with CHAN algorithm，and the geometric dilution accuracy calculation principle is used to evaluate the accuracy of the corection result. The evaluation results fully verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the correction technology and the method can significantly improve the positioning accuracy of over-the-horizon targets for the TDOA system.

Keywords：time difference of arrival （TDOA）；atmospheric duct； tropospheric scattering；refraction correction；ray tracing；geometric dilution of precision （GDOP）

0 引言

暴露的缺点相比，多站无源定位系统由于其单程传播被动定位的特点，具有隐蔽性好、定位精度高的优点，在现代战争中已占据越来越重要的地位[1-3]，其中基于多站时延差分的无源时差定位（timedifferenceofarrival，TDOA）是目前未来武器系统的先进程度越来越取决于其电子信息系统的先进程度，与传统的有源定位系统主动发射信号容易超短波/微波超视距通信侦察系统广泛采用的定位方式。（剩余15491字）