7种樱属植物杂交授粉生物学特性

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中图分类号：S718.43 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-923X（2025）08-0076-10

Abstract：Obectiv】issdyimedtoivestigatetholoicalcharacterisisandpatesofdifetPrnusspeiesabid parentsiartificialcross-pollnationtoimprovethesuccessrateofhybridbreeding.【Method】SevenPrunusspecieswereselected forcros-pollationindifrentcmbatios.Pollenmorpologyasbseedandollengmnatinatendgaeptity wereevaluatedatfourdevelopmentalstages （smallbudtagelargebudstage，initialfoweringstageandfulfoweringagesing invitrocultureandbenzidine-hydrogenperoxidemethods.Polentubegrowthandovaryfetilizationwereexaminedviafuorescence microscopyFrut-setingratesamongdiferenthybridcombinationswereanalyzedforcoelations.【Result】Theexineoraetation ofallsevenplntypsebitedstratesulptugwivaratiosinpllngasize，umbeofsufaceaperres，andexieeture thickness.Bothpollengerminationrateandstigmareceptivityiitiallyinreasedandthndecreasedacrosstefourstags，peakingat the initial flowering stage. Pollen tubes began growing 4h after pollination，with fertilization completed within 96⋅120h. A concentrated fruitdropoccurred14-28dafter pollination，and fruit-settingratesstabilized by 35d Significant correlationswere observed between fruit-seting rate and polar axis length （ Φ′<0.05 ，aperture length，and stigma receptivity （P<0.05 ），while pollen germination rate showed a significant correlation （P<0.05） .【Conclusion】The optimal period for pollen collection and pollination is the early fowering stage. AlsevenPrunustaaexamedeibiteersychonogamyoprotogy.Interspcifcridzationyieldssgcantlyowrfruit setthan intra-specificcrosses，suggesting the existenceofboth pre-andpost-zygoticreproductivebarriers.

ywords：Prunus;cross-pollination; pollen germination rate;stigma receptivity;fruit set rate

樱属Prunus植物隶属于蔷薇科Rosaceae，主要分布于北半球的温带地区，在东亚地区包括中国、日本、俄罗斯和朝鲜半岛分布广泛。（剩余16285字）