农业合成生物学发展与公共风险防控研究

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中图分类号：S188 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1008-0864（2025）11-0174-12

Abstract：Agricultural synthetic biology integrates engineeringandlifesciences，which hasevolvedfromsingle-gene editingtosystematic design.Key technologies includeCRISPR-Cas optimization，AI design platforms，synthetic microbial technologies and crop chassis modification.The application of these technologies hasdriven the development of new agricultural productionparadigmsandpromoted technological innovations insuchareasas nutrient-enhanced crops，environmentally friendly inputs，stress-resistant crops and low-carbon cycling technologies. Atthesametime，itfacesmulti-dimensionalrisks：intermsofiosecurity，therearerisksofof-targetefects ingene editing，pathogen modification and biological weapons，laboratory error；in terms of ecological security，thereare impactsonbiodiversity，disturbances toecosystem functions；interms of socialethics，there arecontroversiesover creatinglifeand theessenceof life，uncertainties regarding fod safetyand health impacts，and controversies over thecompatibilityoforganicagriculturewithsyntheticbiology；intermsofeconomicefect，therearerisksof technologyand market monopoly，impactsof industrial chainrestructuring and integration on employment，the structure and functions of agricultural systems.For above reasons，countries around the world have atached great importance to building public risk prevention and control systems，forming three main models：product-based regulatorymodelsproces-basedregulatorymodels，andhybridmodels.Inthefuture，thecontradiction betweenthe rapiditerationof technologyandthelag inpolicysupervisionisthe mostseverechallnge facing agriculturalsynthetic biology.It isneessarytofollowtheprinciplesoffullifecyclemanagement，preventionfirst，andscientificasessment，andsupport globalfoodsecurityand environmentalsustainabledevelopmentbyimproving policiesand governance systems and adhering to the path of responsible innovation.

Keywords：agricultural synthetic biology；gene editing；public risk prevention and control；synthetic microorganisms；application innovation

目前，全球农业正面临前所未有的双重挑战：一方面，人口持续增长、饮食结构变化以及气候变化等因素导致粮食安全压力不断加大；另一方面，传统农业生产方式对环境的负面影响日益凸显，包括生物多样性丧失、土壤退化、水资源污染以及温室气体排放增加等问题。（剩余29066字）