基于Py-GCMS定量分析不同覆膜年限土壤中微塑料含量以及微生物群落变化

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中图分类号：X172；X53 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-2043（2025）05-1303-09 doi：10.11654/jaes.2024-0389

Abstract：In this study， we collected soil from agricultural fields with 5， 15 and no years of mulching， using Py-GCMS to quantify soil microplastic concentration and high-throughput sequencing to investigate the effects of different years of mulching on soil microplastic concentration and the changes of microorganisms in the ecological niche of residual film and soil microbial community. The study showed that with the age of mulching， the microplastic concentration in the soil changed. The results showed that the soil microplastic concentration tended to increase with the increase of mulching years. The concentration of microplastics in the soil of the 5-year mulch（Site A）was 0.47 g⋅kg-1 ， while the concentration of microplastics in the soil of the 15- year mulch（Site B）was 2.66g⋅kg-1 . In addition， the study also showed that the mulching time had significant effects on the abundance， diversity and species composition of the soil microbial community . Bacterial abundance and diversity were higher than that of the bacteria on the film in the 5-year mulched（Site A）， while in the 15-year mulched（Site B）， the bacterial abundance was lower than that of the bacteria on the film but the diversity of the bacteria was higher than that of the bacteria on the film.Fungal abundance was higher than that of the fungus on the film in the 5-year mulched（Site A）， but the soil fungal diversity was lower than that of the fungus on the film， while the fungal abundance and diversity were higher than that of the fungus on the film in the 15-year mulched（Site B）. Despite the differences in geographic location， crop species and agricultural practices， the residual film surfaces of the soils were enriched with strains of bacteria with the ability to degrade plastics， including Pseudomonas， Nocardioides and others. This demonstrates that the presence of plastic residual films promoted the growth of specific bacteria in the soil. In conclusion， this study highlighted that the pollution level of soil microplastics increased with the years of mulching and demonstrated that microplastics caused changes in the microbial community of the surrounding environment.

Keywords：microplastics; Py-GCMS; microplastic concentration; microbial community; mulch film

微塑料（MPs）通常是指粒径小于 5mm 的塑料碎片或颗粒[1]，其主要成分包括聚乙烯（Polyethylene，PE）、聚丙烯（Polypropylene，PP）、聚氯乙烯（Polyvinylchloride，PVC）、聚乳酸（polylactic acid，PLA）、聚苯乙烯（Polystyrene，PS）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（Poly⁃ethylene terephthalate，PET）等聚合物，其中 PVC 和 PE是目前全球范围内合成量最高的两种塑料。（剩余15583字）