北京市昌平区农田土壤重金属健康风险评估及来源解析

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中图分类号：X53；X820.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-2043（2025）05-1294-09 doi：10.11654/jaes.2024-0404

Abstract：To build a regional soil environment quality monitoring network， enhance soil quality supervision capabilities， break through the bottleneck constraints of healthy agricultural development， control the impact of farmland pollution， and promote green and sustainable agricultural development. Over the period from 2018 to 2022， we collected 320 soil surface samples from 64 locations within Changping District， Beijing. These samples were analyzed for the presence of eight heavy metal elements：Cd， Hg， As， Pb， Cr， Cu， Ni， and Zn. Meanwhile， we combine several methods to evaluate soil quality in the region. Additionally， we use the UNMIX model to identify the sources of soil heavy metal contamination in the study area. Our findings revealed the following results：While the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the study area was low， there was a significant issue of heavy metal enrichment. The average concentrations of Hg， Cr， and Zn were found to be 2.4， 1.9， and 1.7 times higher than the regional background values， respectively. The sources of pollution in the study area were primarily industrial（ 40% ）， natural background materials（ 39% ）， agricultural gardens（ 10% ）， and transportation（ 11% ）. Cd， Cu， and Zn， three types of heavy metal elements in the source， migration pathway may exist in the phenomenon of compound pollution. Unregulated agricultural practices and high-traffic transportation activities were identified as factors exacerbating heavy metal pollution in the study area.

Keywords：farmland soil; heavy metal; environmental quality assessment; ecological risk assessment

城市化的迅速发展加剧了农业生态风险，其中人类活动如矿山开采、工业生产、交通运输、污水灌溉，以及有机肥、化肥和农药施用等，均会直接或间接造成重金属在土壤中的累积[1-2]。（剩余17655字）