朱莉娅·安娜斯发展式的美德伦理学对医学伦理学构建的启示

[中图分类号]R-052 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1001-8565（2026）03-0377-07

DOI：10.12026/j.issn.1001-8565.2026.03.14

Julia Annas'developmental virtue ethics：enlightenment for the construction of medical ethics

ZHAO Hongyao1，LU Xufeng1，²，ZHANGShan1

（1. School ofBasic Medicine， Air Force Medical University， Chongqing 40oo38， China; 2. School of Politics， China People's Liberation Army National Defence University，Shanghai 2Ol6O2，China）

Abstract： Medical ethics aims to address moral issues in medical practice.When analyzing the right and wrong in medicine，it emphatically interprets“what medicine ought to be”and focuses on how physicians should act correctly.Hence，highly directive ethicaltheories such as deontology and utilitarianism have become thefundamental theories for medical decision-making.Nevertheless，as the concentrated embodimentof medical ethical values，virtue ethics also constitutes an important component of medical ethics.Drawing on Julia Anas'screative development of virtue ethics theories regarding“right action”and“right emotion，”which is based on the distinction between“virtue learners”and“virtue possessors，”this paper provides anew theoretical perspective and practical approach for bridging the divide between heteronomy and autonomy in medical ethics， enhancing the care for medical staff’s emotions in medical ethicseducation，and promoting mutual understanding and communication between physicians and patients.

Keywords：virtue ethics；medical ethics；right action；right emotion

0 引言

医学伦理学旨在运用伦理学的原则和规范，为医疗卫生研究与实践中的行为选择提供伦理指导。（剩余10161字）