两个核桃品种生长特性的调查

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中图分类号：S664.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1002-2910（2025）04-0027-04

Abstract： A survey was conducted on the structure， branch number， and branch composition of early-maturing （Xiangling） and late-maturing （Qingxiang） walnut trees during their peak fruiting period to analyze factors affecting fruit yield and quality. The results showed that Xiangling trees were smaler in size， with significantly lower tree height， trunk height， and average plant yield. They also exhibited a significantly higher proportion of short branches， which served as the primary fruiting branches.Within the Xiangling canopy， the length of fruiting branches and the proportion of female flower buds were significantly higher in the south compared to the north. Therefore， cultivation practices should focus on promoting short branch development. Xiangling yield showed a significant negative correlation with tree height， indicating that tree height should be controled and not allowed to become excessive. Regarding the internal quality of Xiangling nuts， fat content， polyphenol content， and soluble sugar content were significantly low. Flavonoid content was also low， particularly and significantly lower than that found in nuts from the southern canopy of Qingxiang trees. Only protein content and total phosphorus content were significantly high. In contrast， Qingxiang trees primarily fruited on short and medium branches，with a significantly higher proportion of medium branches than Xiangling. Consequently， production should aim to increase the proportion of medium branches. Qingxiang yield was positively correlated with tree height， suggesting that maintaining a relatively taller tree height is appropriate.Premature branch aging affects the high and stable yield of walnut trees. Thus，for both Xiangling and Qingxiang varieties，fine and weak branches （measuring 5cm in length and less than 5mm in diameter） require timelyrenewal and rejuvenation.

Key words： walnut varieties; Xiangling; refreshing fragrance; branch characteristics; output; internal quality

核桃与腰果、扁桃、榛子共同组合成世界“四大坚果”[]，原产于中国核桃共有5个种：河北核桃、野核桃、泡核桃、核桃楸和核桃[2.3]。（剩余3305字）