土山湾孤儿工艺院三个版本《中华圣母像》比较研究

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Based on the collated relevant visual and physical datafrom the collections kept by the St. Ignatius Church inSan Francisco， USA， Donglü Catholic Church in Baoding，Hebei Province and Vatican Museum， this article examinesthree versions of Chinese Virgin Mary Statue created by theT'OU-SÈ-WÈ Orphanage in 1904， 1908 and 1925， offeringprofound insights into social， cultural and conceptual changesin these statues.

土山湾孤儿工艺院是19世纪基督教传教活动全球扩展的典型案例，其美术工厂绘制的中华圣母像，既是唯一被梵蒂冈教廷指定的中华圣母像的官方版本，也是影响最大、印刷数量最多、传播范围最广的“中国风”圣母。（剩余4310字）