北京居住小区类历史建筑的特征、现状及保护挑战

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The Characteristics，Current Conditions，and Conservation Challenges Beijing's Historical Buildings in Residential-Quarter Category

Abstract

Beijing Municipality hasdesignatedatotal1056 historical buildingssince20l9，over1/4 whichareclasified intoauniquecategoryresidentialquarters bytheauthority.These heritages wereconstructedbetweenthe192Osand thel990s，andinclude diversesubtypes such as ministrydormitories，esearch institute dormitories，facultyresidences， diplomat apartments，and municipal public housing.They provide physical evidence Beijing's urban housing development，particularly exhibiting theresidential constructionachievements inthecapitalChina.Thisarticle examinesthe22residentialquartersand285historicalbuildings inthiscategory，basedonstudy materials including originaldesigndrawings，historicalconstructionliterature，fieldsurveys，interviewswithoiginalachitectsandurent residents，andremote sensing maps.The article firstlyanalyzes the major characteristics these residential quarters intermsconstructiontime，location，size，ownership，spatiallayout，andarchitecturaldesign，andidentifiesteir multidimensionalvalue.Secondlyitexamines theircurrentconditionsregarding heritagepreservationandresidential usetoidentifykeyproblems.Finallyitdiscusses themajorchallenges incurrntconservationandutilizationthese heritages as well as possible solutions.

Keywords：Residential building;Architectural heritage the2Oth century;Residentialheritage;Conservation& utilization;Capital cityconstruction;Historic andcultural city

0引言：北京市历史建筑中的居住小区类遗产

近年来住建部发布多个加强历史建筑保护利用的政策文件，历史建筑日益成为我国法定历史文化遗产体系中的重要类型'。（剩余21763字）