狂犬病病毒的起源、传播及遗传演化

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中图分类号：S855.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0366-6964（2025）06-2613-13

Origin，Transmission and Genetic Evolution of Lyssavirus

ZHENG Yanhong，WU Ziqi，LIU Yuru，LUO Jun，GUO Xiaofeng，LUO Yongwen* （Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province， College of Veterinary Medicine， South China Agricultural University，Guangzhou 510642， China）

Abstract： Rabies is an acute zoonotic infectious disease caused by the viruses of the genus Lyssavirus in the family Rhabdoviridae. According to the latest 1Oth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses， the Lyssavirus is currently divided into 17 species. Serotype I rabies virus （RABV），a member of the Lyssauirus family，is the most common cause of rabies. As sequencing technologies advance，more and more whole genomes of the Lyssaviruses are being sequenced，providing a deeper molecular-level understanding of the epidemiology and natural evolution of the virus. This review aims to summarize the distribution， transmisson，origin and phylogeny of lyssaviruses，providing a theoretical reference for tracing the origin of lyssaviruses， mastering their transmission and genetic evolution，and formulating scientific strategies for rabies prevention and control.

Keywords： Lyssavirus ；rabies virus;evolution;origin；phylogroup ∗ Corresponding author： LUO Yongwen，E-mail： ywluo@scau. edu. cn

狂犬病是由单分子负链RNA病毒目（Mon-pnegavirales）弹状病毒科（Rhabdoviridae）狂犬病病毒属（Lyssauirus）的病毒引起的一种人畜共患的嗜中枢神经致死性疾病[1]。（剩余27404字）