324份葡萄种质果实性状多样性分析及综合评价
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Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Traits in 324 Grape Germplasm Resources
ZHANG Jiangmei12，LI Yihan1²，CHEN Zizhuo1²，LI Feng1²，MA Xiaohe²，HUANG Liping²， WANG Min²，ZHU Yue²，XUN Zhili²，ZHAO Qifeng² （'CollegeofHtictueiAricltualUveityong;mologuteiArictualU ShanxiKeyLaboratory ofFruit GermplasmCreationand Utilization，Taiyuan 030031）
Abstract： Based on 324 germplasm resources from the Taigu Grape Nursery，a national grape germplasm repository，multivariate statistical methods were used to systematicall evaluate the genetic diversity of 18fruit traits.Phenotypic variation analysis revealed the coefficients of variation （ （CV） ranging from 10.54% to 63.58% in 18 traits including berry weight，flesh texture，and hardness. The Shannon-Wiener indices （H′ ）ranged from 0.69 to 2.07，and among these，bunch length（ ⋅H′=2.05 ），bunch width （H′=2.07 ），berry height （H′=2.05） ， and berry width （ H′=2.06 ） exhibited high genetic diversity，indicating significant phenotypic differences and diverse types within the germplasm collection. Correlation analysis revealed that berry weight was significantly and positively correlated with traits such as berry height，berry width，and hardness，thus serving as a core selection index for large-berry breeding. Cluster analysis using Euclidean distance （threshold Ω=13.605 ）
classified the324 accessions into four distinct groups：Group I（high-quality table grapes），Group I（dualpurpose：wine and table），Group II （wine-making type with storage resistance），and Group IV （large-berry breeding type）.Principal component analysis （PCA）extracted six principal components （PCs），colectively explaining 80.083% of the total variance.PC1 represented the morphology-hardness dimension，PC2 the texturebunch architecture dimension，and PC3 the seed development dimension.Based on comprehensive PCA scores， we identified the top ten excellent germplasms，including table grape cultivars such as‘Ribier’and‘Pink Grape'.Additionally，20 specific germplasms meting defined criteria （berry weight>9 g，seed number $＼Lt$ ， hardness 51900N ，springiness 3>0.8 ）were identified，providing elite parental lines and key genetic resources for targeted grape breeding programs.
Key words： grape;phenotypic diversity ; correlation analysis;comprehensive evaluation
葡萄（VitisviniferaL.）是葡萄科葡萄属多年生藤本植物，作为世界第二大园艺水果，其野生种起源中心通常认为位于里海地区与地中海沿岸，栽培葡萄的驯化历史可追溯至上述区域的古代文明地带（如西亚、埃及等地）[，现广泛分布于亚洲、北美洲及欧洲的亚热带2]、地中海与大陆性温带气候区[3]。（剩余20406字）
