北美大豆种质资源农艺性状分析与优异种质筛选

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Comprehensive Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Screening of Elite Soybean Germplasm Resources in North America

PENG Renwen，SUN Liping，ZHAO Chaosen，LI Suning，WANG Xiaocui，XU Jiang， WANG Yongjun， WU Jiashan，ZHAO Xianwei，GUO Bingfu （CropInstitute，JiangxiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences/JiangxiProvinceKeyLaboratoryofOilCropsGeneticImprovement/ Nanchang Branch ofNational Center of Oilcrops Improvement，Nanchang ）

Abstract： Utilizing superior foreign germplasm resources to broaden the genetic base will accelerate the breeding of breakthrough soybean varieties.This studyanalyzed 22 agronomic and quality traits across 589 North American soybean germplasm resources under spring sowing conditions.Results showed that the growth period of these accessions predominantly focused on early-to medium-maturing spring types，exhibiting rich genetic diversity.The Simpson diversity index for eight quality traits ranged from O.O37 to 0.710.The crude protein and crude fat contents ranged from 33.90% to 50.51% and from 12.10% to 25.10% ，respectively，and showed a highly significant negative correlation.Further screening identified 22 stable high-oil accessions，including UPBS 9085-74. The amino acid content and the 7S/11S protein fractions were analyzed in a subset of 139 accessions with either crude protein content ⩾45% or ⩽40% .Among the seven essential amino acids，leucine exhibited the highest average content，while isoleucine showed the largest coeficient of variation （ CV= 15.99% ）.Among the eight non-essential amino acids （NEAAs），glutamic acid demonstrated the highest average content，and arginine displayed the greatest CV （ 17.56% ）.A highly significant negative correlation was observed between the11Sand 7S fraction contents.The 7Scontent ranged from 18.6% to 41.1% ，whilethe 11Scontentvariedbetween 37.0% and 46.0% ，with themaximum11S/7S ratio of2.4.Furthercomprehensive evaluation using membership function analysis and principal component analysis （PCA） identified germplasms T221 and L85-2378 as the top two performers based on comprehensive evaluation scores （D-value）.This study provides valuable references for the innovative utilization of North American soybean germplasm resources in China.

Key words： soybean; North American germplasms;agronomic traits; comprehensive analysis; germplasm screening

大豆［Glycinemax（L.）Merri.]原产于中国，已有5000多年的栽培历史，是重要的油料作物和优质食用植物蛋白的主要来源[1-2]。（剩余19397字）