冠状病毒S1亚基蛋白结构及其受体识别研究进展

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中图分类号：Q939.47 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2025）11-2267-22

Abstract：Coronavirusescan infect mammalsandbirds，andtheirhigh geneticvariability significantlyaffects their hostrange and tisue tropism.Over the past two decades，three human epidemics caused byanimal coronaviruses have posedasevere threattoglobal public health.Theviral spikeprotein（S）iscrucial formediatingviralentryintohostcels， anditsS1subunit directlydetermines viralhostadaptabilityandtisue tropismbyrecognizingand binding tocellsurfacereceptors.Inrecentyears，withthedevelopmentofcryoelectronmicroscopytechnology，thehigh-resolutionthree-dimesionalstructuresof spike proteins from various coronaviruseshave been resolved. Based on these high-resolution three dimensional structures of coronavirus spike proteins determined by cryo-electron microscopy，this review systematicallysummarizes the structural characteristics ofthe S1 subunit from different animal and human coronaviruses，as well as the interaction mechanisms between the S1 subunit andvarious cellular receptors. It is expected to provide a foundation for elucidating the rules ofcoronavirus crosspecies transmision，early warning of potential epidemic risks，and developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs

Key words： coronavirus；spike protein（S）；S1 subunit protein structure；recepto

冠状病毒是套式病毒目、冠状病毒科的成员之一。（剩余53846字）