植物响应缺钾胁迫的生理与分子机制研究进展

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中图分类号：Q945.78 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4440（2025）11-2257-10

Abstract：Potassium（K），asan essential macronutrient for plant growth anddevelopment，，isa keycomponentof various enzymesandiswidelyinvolvedinphyiologicalmetabolismandbiochemicalreactionsinplants.However，inagricultural production，thecontentofavailablepotassiuminsoil isoften insuficienttomeettheneedsofcrops.Additioally， dueto thedegradationof soil environmentand the impactof humanactivities，potasiumdeficiency inplants isacommon phenomenon.During long-termevolution，plants have gradualydevelopedavarietyof regulatorymechanisms tocope with low-potassium stress.Thisarticlesystematicallreviewedthephysiologicaland molecular mechanismsof plantresponses to low-potassium stress，focusedontheefects ofpotassiumdeficiencyonplant physiological processs suchasphotosthsis， water absorption，enzyme activity，and hormone balance.It also elaborated on the roles of K+ transport systems，signal transductionpathways，transcriptionalregulatorynetworks，andrelatedgeneexpresioninplantresponses tolow-potasium stress.Finally，thefutureresearch directionsofplantlow-potassium stress were prospected，aiming toprovideatheoreticalbasis for molecular breeding of crops with low-potassium tolerance and efficient potassium utilization.

Key words：potassium deficiency stress；potassium nutrition；physiological response；molecular mechanism; transcriptional regulation

钾是植物生长发育过程中不可或缺的必需营养元素，在光合作用、酶激活及渗透调节等关键生理过程中起着重要作用[1]。（剩余24282字）