基于全基因组关联分析挖掘小麦籽粒硬度指数和沉淀值的显著性位点

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中图分类号：S512.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2025）11-2088-09

Abstract：To elucidate the genetic basis of the grain quality indices including grain hardness（ GH ）and sedimentation value （ SV ）inwheat，thisstudyutilized F1 hybrids from the crosses Yangmai 16× Yangmai 22and Yangmai 20× Zhenmai 168.The F1 plants from these two single crosses were then hybridized to generate a four-parent cross，which was subsequently self-pollinated to derive 320 stable lines used as experimental materials.Using data from thewheat 15K SNP array and phenotypic data for GH and SV collected across four environments over three years，a genome-wide association study（GWAS）was conductedusing a mixed linear model（MLM）.The results showed that the GH phenotypic distribution exhibited a 1：1 ratio and had significant correlations across different environments，while the SV phenotypic distribution followed a normal distributionandalsoshowedsignificantcorrelationsacrossenvironments.Atotalof eightloci significantlyassociatedwithGH were detected，four of which were stableacross multiple environments.These stable loci werelocated on chromosomes 5D （threeloci）and5A（one locus），explaining 5.80% to 13.40% of thephenotypic variation. Twenty loci significantly associatedwith SV were detected，three of which on chromosome 5D were stable across multiple environments，explaining 4. 78% to 7.46% of the phenotypic variation.The loci AX-109986939，AX-111464164，and AX-110476332 on chromosome 5D were significantly associated with both and SV ，representing stable pleiotropic loci.Further analysis revealed that AX-109986939，AX-111464164，and AX-110476332 had highly significant effects （ P<0.01 ）onboth GH and SV The favorableallele variationatlocusAX-11O419834onchromosome5A increased the value by 24.44% （ P<0.01 ）.

Key words： wheat；grain hardness；sedimentation value；genome-wide association study（GWAS）

小麦籽粒硬度指数（GH）可以反映胚乳质地的紧密程度，主要由胚乳细胞中蛋白质基质与淀粉之间的结合强度决定，这种结合强度受遗传因素控制[1]。（剩余10884字）