砂质岸线变化特征及影响因素分析

——以青岛市为例

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中图分类号：P736.2；P748 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1005—9857（2025）06—0087—14

Analysis of the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Sandy Shoreline Changes： Taking Qingdao City as an Example

WANG Jiangman1，MENG Xiangzhen²，WANG Shuran 3，4 ZHENG Xiaowei4，LIU Zizhou³

（1.Qingdao MarineManagement Support Center，Qingdao 266ooo，China; 2.Tidal Flat Research Center of Jiangsu Province，Nanjing 2loo36，China; 3.Ocean University of China，Qingdao 2661oo，China； 4.Qingdao Oceantec Valley Oceanthink Marine Science & Technology Co.，Ltd.，Qingdao 26610o，China）

Abstract： Since the 1960s ，coastal erosion has affected approximately 70% of the world's sandy coasts to varying degrees. Studying the characteristics，stability，and potential influencing factors of sandy shorelines is of great significance for the protection and restoration of coastal zones. This paper first evaluates and analyzes the characteristics and interannual variations of shorelines based on 9 consecutive years of measured elevation data，considering aspects such as slope，beach shape，and vertical disturbances. Secondly， the paper discusses the reasons affecting shoreline stability from the perspectives of beach type，human factors，and natural factors. The study indicates that sandy shorelines such as Jinshatan， Shilaoren，and Longwan are relatively stable，with an average annual vertical change in profile elevation generally not exceeding O.1 meters. While Yiyu，Eryu， Sanyu，and Lingshanwan exhibit significant interannual variations，and the annual average vertical change of most profiles is greater than O.5 meters. The factors contributing to these differences include：（1） Beach types：Jinshatan，Shilaoren，and Longwan are more stable dissipative types，whereas Yiyu and Eryu are unstable transitional types；（2） Human influence：including sea sand loss due to green tide management，artificial sand replenishment，and changes in slope due to beach construction；（3） Marine disaster impact：Against the backdrop of rising sea levels，part of the beaches may face severe beach submersion， and storm surges can significantly affect beach surface changes， producing varying impacts on various sandy shorelines.

Keywords： Sandy shoreline， Coastal erosion， Profile morphology， Human influence，Marine disasters

0 引言

砂质岸线是位于海岸带的一种松散的沉积体，一方面，它为海岸提供了免受海洋风暴和飓风破坏的屏障，并在娱乐、旅游、生态保护等方面具有很高的经济价值；另一方面，砂质岸线在时间和空间两个维度上具有高度的动态调整性和不稳定性[1]，极易遭受海岸侵蚀等海洋灾害的影响。（剩余15006字）