北宋科举制度与启文写作

中图分类号］I206.2；K244 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-1763（2025）04-0099-08

Abstract：Under the imperial examination system of the Northern Song Dynasty，the writing of Qiwen became a ritual fashion valued by scholars. Successful candidates in the imperial examination often composed Xieqi（the thank-you note） to present to the examiners and influential officials in power，while Fuqi were responses from the recipients to the senders of Qiwen，and their content was fundamentally based on congratulations. The essence of Qiwen under the imperial examination system of the Northern Song Dynasty was a tool for the scholars to obtain social capital：Qiwen submited to examiners helped scholars obtain the initial social capital at the beginning of their oficial careers，while those presented to eminent predecessors further expanded the scope of their social capital. Additionally，Fuqi provided possibilities for writers to forge new social networks. Qiwen for the imperial examination system had a unified textual style，with the main content of the opening statement，self narration，and praising virtues being the selection of talented individuals，the pursuit of oficialdom，and the advocation for recommending talents. The reform of the system prompted Qiwen to update its internal text，including the changes of themes and the innovation of language and vocabulary，which were precisely the results of the new changes in Qiwen triggerd by the imperial examination system.

Key Words： Qiwen of the Northern Song Dynasty;imperial examination system;creative fashion;style features;style innovation

启是一种公文，唐代以前可与上书皇帝、太子、诸侯王的奏相提并论，称为“奏启”；唐代以降，抛却了奏事性质，仅应用于官僚之间，功用类似书牍，故以“书启"并称。（剩余13188字）