“祭”“祀”的句法语义差异及演变探析

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[中图分类号］H131 [文献标识码］A [文章编号]1008-1763（2025）04-0091-08

Abstract：The differences and evolution of“ji（祭）”and“si（祀）”reflect significant changes in social culture and ritual systems. The syntactic and semantic features of“ji（祭）”and“si（祀）” have also changed. Through a systematic investigation of“ji（祭）”and“si（祀）”in excavated and transmitted texts， a detailed analysis of the syntactic and semantic characteristics of“ji（祭）”and“si（祀）”in Archaic and Ancient Chinese can deeply explore their synchronic differences and diachronic evolution：in Archaic Chinese，“ji（祭）”was one of the specific“Five Sacrifices”，and the objects and tools it involved were limited. “Si（祀）” was a general term for sacrifices，and the corresponding syntactic expressions were also diferent. In Ancient Chinese，the semantic range of“ji（祭）”expanded，and it became a synonym of“si（祀）".New diferences emerged between the two：the additional meanings and pragmatic environments of“si（祀）” were limited，while“ji（祭）”was not restricted. There are new differences in syntactic expressions between the two. From the Ancient to Early Medieval Chinese periods，“ji（祭）”replaced“si（祀）”as the central term in the sacrificial verb system.

Key words： ji（祭）;si（祀）;Ancient Chinese;Archaic Chinese;syntactic and semantic evolution

一 引言

“祭”“祀"在古汉语中具有重要意义。（剩余12474字）