有机肥替代部分化肥对青贮玉米产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

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关键词：青贮玉米；有机肥替代；产量；品质；土壤肥力中图分类号：S147.5；S158.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2025）05-1702-11

Abstract： The effects of replacing 10% ， 20% and 30% fertilizer nitrogen with bio-organic fertilizer，replacing 20% fertilizer nitrogen with cow manure，sheep manure and earthworm fertilizer on yield were studied through field experiments.The aim is to provide scientific basis for the rational utilization of nutrient resources and the increase offertilizer efficiency in silage maize production in Hexiarea.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization，organic fertilizer substitution ofpartial chemical fertilizer could promotethe growth of silage maize，improve the economic traits ofthe ear，and increase the fresh forage yield and grain yield by 7.08- 25.64% and 0.09%-32.73% ，respectively.Under the same substitution ratio of 20% ，the yield increase effect of cow manure treatment was the largest.Organic fertilizer substitution of partial chemical fertilizer improved the nutritional quality efectively，with the best efect achieved by replacing 20% of the nitrogen in chemical fertilizer with cow manure.The total starch and crude fat content of the whole plant were increased by 45.20% and 23.08% ，while the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content were decreased by 27.97% and 34.54% ，respectively. Organic fertilizer substitution of partial chemical fertilizer improved the soil organic mater，alkali-soluble nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potasium content，increasing by （20 3.41%-18.19% ，11. 17%-25.59% ，11. 22%-53.46% ，and 1.83%-26.21% ， respectively. Under the conditions of this study，the optimal scheme for substituting 20% of fertilizer nitrogen with cow manure for silage maize was proposed.

Key words：Silage maize ; Organic fertilizer substitution; Yield ;Quality ;Soil fertility

青贮玉米（Zeamays）是指在乳熟末期至蜡熟初期刈割整株玉米并经青贮发酵后用于饲喂家畜的一类玉米[]，具有生长迅速、产量高、成本低、营养丰富、适口性好、耐贮藏等优点，现已成为畜牧业发展不可或缺的基础饲草[2]。（剩余15653字）