皮燕麦种质资源穗部特征与种子大小性状分析

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中图分类号：S544.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2025）05-1434-11

Abstract：Grain sizedetermines grain vigorand yield and is an important reference for selecting breeding materi als. In this study，202 Avena satiua germplasm resources from diferent sources were selected to determine the morphological indices of traits associated spike characteristics and grain size，to comprehensively evaluate the traitcharacteristicsofthetest materials，and to establisha basis forselecting materials fordifferent breeding tar gets.The results showed that the highest genetic diversity index of the four qualitative traits was spikelet type （0.69）；among the 2O quantitative traits，the highest genetic diversity index was the grain length/grain width （2.08），and the highest coefficient of variation was the number of spikelets （27.17%） ，grainwidth，thickness，and bulk were all highly significantly and positively correlated （ P<0.01 ）with thousand grain weight. Multiple regresson analysis showed that spike weight，grain sidearea，and bulk significantly and positively affected thousand grain weight （ P<0.01 . The traits of the test materials were categorized into three main functional components：“grain development and storage factor”“grain shape and structure factor” and“spike characteristics and yield factor".The test materials were divided into five groups，of which taxa IVand Vcould be used as breeding materials for heavy-spike，multi-seeded，large-grain types breeding materials，and taxa I could be used for long-spike，multi-seeded，small-grain type breeding materials.

Key words：Avena sativa;Germplasm resources;Spike characteristics;Grain size ;Genetic diversity

随着我国畜牧业的快速发展，优质饲草品种缺乏和饲草供应不足的问题日益凸显[1。（剩余12438字）