基于光纤传感技术的复合材料健康监测研究进展

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Abstract：Advanced composite materialsare widelyused inkeystructural components intheaviation field becauseof their excellentphysicalandmechanical properties，integrateddesignand manufacturingcharacteristics，lowoperatingcostsand otheradvantages.Withtheextensionofservicetimeandtheextremeserviceenvironment，therewillbediferentdegresof damageand defects insidethecomposite structure，which willafecttheservice lifeandsafe andsmooth operationof the aircraft.Health monitoring systemsneedtobe developed tomonitorand evaluatethehealth status ofcomposite structures inrealtime.Thispaperreviews theresearch progressoffibersensing technologyinthe fieldofhealthmonitoring ofcomposite structures.For fiber grating sensing technologyanddistributed fiber sensing technology，The paper discuses the in-situ monitoring of process parameters，sensor embeddngand protectionscheme，sensorlayout scheme and its influence onstructure，impactandfatiguedamagemonitoring，andsummarizes theadvantagesand limitationsofthetwomonitoring methods， andlooksforward tothedevelopmenttrendofoptical fibersensingtechnologyinthehealthmonitoringofcomposite structures.

Keywords：composite material；optical fiber sensing technology；health monitoring；distributed optical fiber sensing；fiber grating sensing

1引言

在民用航空领域，先进复合材料已经逐渐替代金属材料并广泛应用于大飞机机翼、机身等主承力结构件，在复合材料服役过程中，由于复合材料制件所处服役环境的极端性和不确定性，服役温度通常为 -55C～40∘C ，再加上其易损伤的缺点，长期使用之后，会产生潜在的内部损伤及缺陷，比如基体开裂、纤维断裂、纤维基体脱粘和层间分层等[1]，这些损伤和缺陷使结构的稳定性和安全性大大降低，从而提高了灾难性事故发生的可能性[2]而传统的无损检测设备复杂而笨重，劳动量大且耗时，尤其是在涉及大量待检查的复合材料结构维修情况下。（剩余15807字）