高职院校实施 1+X 证书制度的困境与纾解策略研究

——以天津市为例

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Abstract;Humancapital is the most important resource intheeconomicdevelopment.Currently，therearesome dilemmas in the implementation of the 1+X certificate system in vocational colleges in Tianjin such as the low recognition rate of vocationalskilllevelertificates，teinsufcintintegationofvocationalskillevelcrtfcatesandsandardswithalentcultivtion，theperfunctoryvocationalskilstraining，andtheunimplementedaccumulationandtransformationof learningachievements.Basedonthis，some countermeasures are proposed，including buildingacolaborativemechanismfortheinterestsof multipleentities，timelymodifyingrelevantpolicytextsaccording tobigdataforeducationadministrationdepartments，taking intoaccount thepublic welfareofeducationandcorporate profitabilityfortraining andevaluationorganizations，and improvingthequalityofcertificate introduction for vocationalcollges.Itaims toprovidereference for improving theimplemntation level of the 1+X certificate system for vocational collges，promoting the quality and level of running schools，adjusting and upgrading of industrial structure and regional economic development in Tianjin.

Keywords：vocational colleges; 1+Λ certificatesystem;dilemma;countermeasures

2019年1月，《国家职业教育改革实施方案》正式发布，明确了职业教育是和普通教育享有同等地位的类型教育[1]，并出台了适应其作为类型教育的人才培养培训制度— ⋅1+X 证书制度，即“学历证书” + “职业技能等级证书”制度，“1”与“X”融合互补，打破学历教育与职业技能等级培训之间的藩篱，促进职业教育高质量发展，技术技能人才培养深度贴切行业、企业需求。（剩余7428字）