明代地方巡视考察制度

Local Inspection System in Ming Dynasty BAI Hua1，2，LI Zixuan

（1.Schoolofarxism，AnuUniversityofienceandTchnologyHuaan，Ani2，hina；.holfHumi Social Sciences，Anhui Universityof Science and Technology，Huainan，Anhui 232oo1，China）

Abstract：To consolidatecentral authorityover local administrations，the Ming Dynasty builtamulti-head inspectionsystem，including the initial divisioninspectiondesigned bytheoficials，and temporary dispatchand later become the regular system of inspectors and governors.In addition，specialized circuits（ d a o ）for military，educational，ndadministrative supervision wereaddedforlocal inspection.The supervision network formedbylocal inspectioninthe Ming Dynastyplayedasupervisory rolein preventing oficials from violating lawsand discipline， punishing corrupt ofcials，reducing decision-making errors，adjusting ruling policies，promoting the implementationof policies，nsuring national fiscalrevenue，strictlycontrollingthearmy，avoiding judicial trials thatwerenot light or heavy，reducing unjust sentences，and ordering documents.However，thereare many drawbacks such as excessive power，xpropriationofadministrativepower，dificultyincoordination，ndaggravationofficialcorruption，which are worth thinking about.

KeywordsXunfu（grandcordinators）；Xun'an（touringcensors）；administrativesupervision；circuits（dao）formilitary；Patrol inspection

对于明代地方巡视考察制度，研究者主要关注巡按御史制度，认为其不仅是中国古代巡回监察制度中具有典型的范例1，也是皇帝监控地方的有效手段，在一定程度上为广大人民群众伸张了正义[2]；同时，也注意到草创、发展完善和逐步败坏的过程[3]，严格规定与具体实施不能够等同[4]；既看到优秀的巡按御史为国家长治久安所做的贡献，也看到在权力扩张情况下的腐败[5]，更有滥用职权的问题[6]，并从中得到有益的启示[7]。（剩余13630字）