基于虚拟激励法的地铁车辆排障器疲劳失效研究及拓扑优化

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中图分类号：U270 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.04.021

Fatigue Failure Study and Topology Optimization of Metro Vehicle Cowcatchers Based on Virtual Excitation Method

LIU Yang1 WEN Zefeng1*WU Xingwen² ZHOU Yabo1 TAO Gongquan1 ZHANG Zhenxian³HOU Jianwen³ YI Zhi4 1.State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System，Southwest Jiaotong University， Chengdu，610031 2.College of Mechanical Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu，610031 3.CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co.，Ltd.，Qingdao，Shandong，266041 4.Chengdu Metro Operating Co.，Ltd.，Chengdu，610036

Abstract： The cowcatchers were an important safety guarantee device for metro vehicles. The causes of the cowcatcher failure were investigated by field test and theoretical research.The results indicate that the resonance of the cowcatcher contributes to the premature fatigue failure due to the first-order eigenmode frequency （95.7Hz） ） which is close to the passing frequency 95Hz ）ofthe rail corrugation in smal-radius curves. Topology optimization design of the cowcatchers was carried out according to the causes of failure based on the mistuning modal design method.The first-order eigenmode frequency was raised to 160Hz ，and the resonance problems of the cowcatchers were solved.A sub-structure analysis technique was proposed based on the virtual excitation method.A random vibration model was established to reproduce the vibration environment of the cowcatchers under real conditions. And the dynamic stresses at key positions was calculated and the results show that the maximum dynamic stress error between simulation and measurement as 1.8% . Finally，the excitation loading method was optimized，and the fatigue life of the cowcatchers was verified based on field test data.The fatigue life of the optimized cowcatchers was calculated by using the Dirlik and the ZhaoBaker method，and the results show that the optimized structure meets the design life requirements of 30 years and 3.6 million kilometers at both of the weld and base material locations.

Key words： cowcatcher; rail corrugation; dynamic stress; virtual excitation; fatigue life

0 引言

排障器是轨道车辆中广泛使用的安全装置，其作用是清除轨道上的障碍物。（剩余15166字）