海南橡胶林下4种中药材的适生性及其主要病害鉴定

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中图分类号：S435.67 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1004-390X（2025）03-0085-12

Abstract： [Purpose] To study the adaptability， disease occurrence，and the main pathogenic of four traditional Chinese medicines， including Amomum villosum， Alpinia oxyphylla， Milettia speciosa， and Polygonatum kingianum under rubber forest. [Methods] The adaptability evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines under rubber forest was conducted through field investigations of growth indicators， survival rate statistics， and soil physicochemical property analysis. Diseases types were surveyed， and the main pathogens causing the disease of the aboveground parts of traditional Chinese medicines were determined， combining with the isolation and culture of potential pathogens，morphological identification， multi-gene phylogenetic analysis and Koch's rule. [Results] The adaptability of A villosum， A. oxyphylla and M. speciosa under rubber forest was stronger.Under the rubber forest， planting traditional Chinese medicines could increase the content of soil organic mater and reduce the content of some heavy metal ions. The period from July to November was the peak of the disease on the leaves of P .kingianum， A. oxyphylla and A. villosum.The main pathogen of P kingianum leaf disease was Colletotrichum siamense; the main pathogen of A . villosum and A . oxyphylla was Neopestalotiopsis clavispora; and the main pathogen of M. speciosa was Clonostachyspseudochroleuca. The support rates for the multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the three pathogens were 92% ， 100% 0 and 100% ，respectively.Among them， the infectionof C siamense on P .kingianumand the infection of C pseudochroleuca on M. speciosa were the first reported. [Conclusion] Of the four traditional Chinese medicines， it is feasible to carry out the cultivation of A . villosum， A. oxyphylla and M. speciosa under the Hainan rubber forest， but the occurrence and risk of new diseases of these varieties in the newhabitat should be concerned.

Keywords： rubber forest; traditional Chinese medicine; under-forest cultivation; adaptability evaluation; pathogen identification

橡胶树（Heveabrasiliensis）是重要的经济作物，在工业、国防、交通、医药卫生领域和日常生活方面具有重要作用。（剩余14331字）