饲粮添加灵芝发酵物对肉犊牛免疫性能及肠道菌群的影响

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中图分类号：S823.5 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1004-390X（2025）03-0057-11

Abstract： [Purpose] Adding different dosages of Ganoderma lucidum fermentation products to the basic diet of weaned meat calves， and further analyzing the immune performance of meat calves by evaluating growth performance， blood indicators and intestinal microbiota. [Methods] A total of 24 Simmental weaned calves were selected and randomly divided into three groups，of which the control group （CK） was fed the basic diet， while the other two groups were fed the basic diet supplemented with G .lucidum fermentation products， and the supplementation doses were 3g and 10g per calf per day， respectively （grouped T3 and T10 ，respectively）.After 60 days， the growth performance， the number of immune cells in the whole blood， the immune cytokines in serum and the changes of intestinal microbiota of the calves were measured. [Results] Compared with CK，the hematocrit， lymphocyte count， and the mass concentration of interleukin-2 （IL-2）， tumor necrosis factor- ∇⋅a （TNF- ∇⋅a ），immunoglobulin G， A， and M （IgG， IgA， and IgM） of T10 group were significantly increased （P<0.05） ; the mass concentration of IL-2， TNF- ∇⋅a ，IgG， and IgM of T3 group were significantly increased （P<0.05） ： The hematocrit， and the mass concentration of IL-2， IgA， and IgG of T10 group were significantly higher than those in T3 group （P<0.05） . G. lucidum fermentation products could significantly enhance the richnessand community structure of the intestinal microbiota. At the phylum level，on the 45th day of the experiment， the abundance of Firmicutes in T3 and T10 groups was significantly higher than that in CK （P<0.05） ; at the genus level， on the 6Oth day of the experiment， the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group in T10 group was significantly higher than that in CK （P<0.05） ： [Conclusion] The supplementation of a certain amount of G. lucidum fermentation products in the diet can promote the growth and development of meat calves， improve the immune performance， and improve the diversity of intestinal microbiota.

Keywords： Ganoderma lucidum fermentation products; meat calf; immune performance; intestinal microbiota

灵芝（Ganoderma lucidum）是担子菌门（Basi-diomycota）伞菌纲（Agaricomycetes）多孔菌目（Polyporales）灵芝科（Ganodermataceae）灵芝属（Gan-oderma）大型真菌1]，具有独特的感官属性、丰富的营养价值和多种活性功能，且培养环境可控，被广泛种植和食用。（剩余17790字）