江城黄牛的群体遗传背景及母系起源

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中图分类号：S823.812

文献标志码：A 文章编号：1004-390X（2025）03-0036-

Population Genetic Background and Maternal Origin of Jiangcheng Cattle

ZHU Qunyao1²， TU Xingtiao1²， ZHANG Huanfang³， XU Zhenghong³，BAI Xinkui³，MIAO Yongwang12

（1.Faculty of Animal Science and Technology， Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming 650201， China; 2.Institute ofAnimal Geneticsand Breeding， Yunnan Agricultural University，Kunming 6502O1， China; 3.Animal Husbandry Workstation of Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County，Puer 6659o0， China）

Abstract： [Purpose] To clarify the genetic background information of Jiangcheng cattle population. [Methods] Direct sequencing of PCR products was used to detect sequence variations in the mtDNA D-loop region of 59 Jiangcheng catle individuals， and genetic comparison analysis of the population was performed in combination with the data of the same segment of mtDNA in published

Yunnan indigenous cattle breeds， including Wenshan cattle （53 individuals）， Dehong humped cattle （34 individuals）， Zhaotong catle （32 individuals），and Diqing cattle （49 individuals）. [Results] The Jiangcheng cattle population exhibited a haplotype diversity of 0.666±0.070 and a nucleotide diversity of 0.020 22±0.004 19， with an intrapopulation genetic distance of 0.022±0.005 . A total of 39 polymorphic sites were detected in Jiangcheng catle sequences， defining 17 haplotypes. Among these，haplotypes H01-H11 originated from zebu ancestry， while haplotypes H12-H17 originated from taurine cattle ancestry. The proportions of zebu and taurine catle mtDNA lineages in Jiangcheng cattle were 83.05% and 16.95% ， respectively. Specifically， the zebu lineages Il and I2 accounted for 79.66% and 3.39% ，respectively; while the taurine lineages T3 and T4 accounted for 15.25% and 1.70% ， respectively. Interpopulation genetic analysis revealed that Jiangcheng catte was most closely related genetically to Dehong humped cattle and most distantly related to Diqing cattle. [Conclusion] The genetic diversity of Jiangcheng catle is relatively low，and there is a certain genetic difference with other indigenous Yunnan cattle breeds. Their genetic composition reflects a mixed maternal origin involving both zebu and taurine cattle， with a predominant influence from zebu.

Keywords： Jiangcheng cattle; mtDNA D-loop; genetic diversity; maternal origin; genetic differentiation

牛是在新石器时期由野生原牛（Bosprimi-genius）驯化而来的大型有蹄类动物，在农耕、运输及提供肉类等方面发挥着重要作用，是非常宝贵的畜禽遗传资源。（剩余12455字）