茄属植物糖苷生物碱生物合成研究进展

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Abstract： Steroidal glycoalkaloids （SGAs） are cholesterol derivatives that effectively protect plants from pathogens and pests.They are mainly found in Solanum plants and are synthesized in actively growing and young tissues.Theirbiosynthesis occurs at three processes，including cholesterol biosynthesis，conversion of cholesterol to steroidal alkaloids，and glycosylation of these alkaloids.The biosynthesisof SGAs in Solanum plants is influenced by genetics （transcription factors）and light signaling.Currently，research onthe tissues distribution，types，synthesis，and genetics of SGAs is a major focus of scholars worldwide. This article integrates recent research advancements，summarizing the key genes controlling SGAs biosynthesis in Solanum plants（HMGR，SQS，SSR2，SGT2，GAME1，GAME2，GAME4，GAME6，GAME7，GAME8，GAME11， GAME12，GAME15，GAME17 and GAME18），the main diferential genes between wild and cultivated species （GAME5，GAME25，S5αR2，GAME31 and GAME32），the hormone-related transcription factors （GAME9， COIl and TCP14） involved the SGAs biosynthesis，and the light-responsive transcription factors （HY5，PIF3 and MYB113）and photosynthetic pigment enzymes （PDS，CHLI and CHLH） on the influence of SGA： biosynthesis，and ultimately proposes future directions for SGAs research in Solanum plants.

Key Words： steroidal glycoalkaloids （SGAs）; glycoalkaloid metabolism（GAME） ;transcription factorslight signaling

茄科（Solanaceae）主要包括茄属（Solanum）、辣椒属（Capsicum）、枸杞属（Lycium）、烟草属（Nicotiana）等，其中茄属植物为一年或多年生草本，也可呈亚灌木、灌木至乔木，偶为藤本，在全球约有2000多个种，包括番茄（SolanumlycopersicumL.）、马铃薯（SolanumtuberosumL.）、茄子（SolanummelongenaL.）龙葵（SolanumnigrumL.）千年不烂心（Solanumcathayanum C.Y.Wu etS.C.Huang）、香瓜茄（SolanummuricatumAit.）、白英（SolanumlyratumThunb.）等，其中番茄、马铃薯、茄子是人类日常生活中主要的蔬菜，而马铃薯是世界上重要的粮菜兼用型作物。（剩余31823字）