湖南山核桃种质资源果实经济性状分析与评价

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Abstract：60 Carya hunanensis germplasm resources were selected from the core distribution areaof Carya hunanensisas theresearch object to determine their fruit economic traits，and the germplasmwith excellent comprehensive performance was obtained by genetic variation，type division and comprehensive evaluation and screening of the economic traits ofCarya hunanensis fruit by variation analysis，cluster analysis and principal component analysis，in order to providea theoretical foundation for cultivar selectionand utilization of Carya hunanensis germplasm resources.The results revealed substantial variation in fruit economic traits，with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.42% to 35.05% across 2O fruit economic traits.Notably，linoleic acid， linolenicacid，thicknessof greenskinanddry kernel weight exhibited particularly high variability.Cluster analysis delineated three distinct groups：groupI，characterizedbyearlyto late September maturation，displayed flattenedround fruits with smaler size but highest kernel oil content and elecated polyunsaturated fatty acid levels；group II，maturing from mid-August tomid-September，produced larger，round fruits with thicker shells and green skin，along with highest monounsaturated fattyacid content；group III，with a maturation period for lateAugusttomid-September，featured broadlyoval fruitswith thinnershelland superiordry kernel yield. Principal component analysis identified six major components accounting for 87.85% of cumulative variance. The comprehensive evaluation scores（F）for fruit economic traits ranged from -0.72 to 1.19，with superior trees numbered No.8，No.15，No.6，No.7，and No.9.Individual trait analysis revealed outstanding specimens， including No.31withtheheaviest greenfruit，No.46with the thinnest greenpel，No.6with the highestkernel oil content，No.16 with maximal oleic acid content，and No.11 with the highest linolenic acid content.

Key words：Carya hunanensis；germplasm resources；fruit traits；comprehensive evaluation；principal component analysis

湖南山核桃（Caryahunanensis）是原产于我国的山核桃属（CaryaNutt）植物中的5个种之一[i]，在我国湘、黔、桂三省有大量野生资源分布，以湖南怀化市为核心产区，在龙山、新宁、东安、三江、黎平、天柱、德江等地均有分布[2-4]。（剩余13463字）