从高斯定理理解电场线的性质

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中图分类号：0441.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-0033（2025）04-0078-06

Abstract：Gauss theorem of the electrostatic field，as the core cornerstone of electromagnetism，reveals the properties of the electrostatic field and the distribution law of electric field lineswith rigorous mathematical language.Aiming atthe common cognitive misunderstanding that "the electric field lines cannot accurately represent the electric field due to their subjective drawing"，the concept of solid Angle is introduced to construct a mathematical derivation system，and the universality of Gauss theorem is proved through rigorous demonstration.At the same time，with the help of the fluid vector tube model，the quantitative constraint conditions of Gauss theorem that the distribution of electric field lines needs to follow are clarified，and the quantitative corresponding relationship between the spatial densityand the electric field strength isrevealed.Both theoretical derivations and practical applications show that although there isa certainspace for subjective selection in theilustration of electric field lines，their overall distribution is objectively determined by Gauss theorem，and can accurately reflect the characteristics of the electrostatic field and the action mechanism of the source charges.

Keywords：electric field;electric field lines;Gauss theorem

静电场高斯定理与电场线的内在联系，是构建电磁学理论体系的核心基石，但学生在理解电场线与高斯定理的关联时普遍存在认知误区[2-5。（剩余5364字）