脱氧核酶活性调控及其在生物医学领域中应用的研究进展

[中图分类号] Q554 [文献标志码] A

ABSTRACT RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes （DNAzymes）are the DNA molecules with catalytic RNA cleavage activity，abd they can cleave the RNA substrates with high specificity with the advantages such as high specificity，no permanent impact on the genome，simple design and sequence- programmable，giving them great potential in biosensing and disease therapy. However，off-target activation of deoxyribozyme in vivo orcomplex biological environments limits their sensitivity and selectivity in various applications. Recent studies have focused on the chemical modification of deoxyribozymes，precise control for their catalytic activity its performed by introducing specific chemical groups；inaddition，by combining deoxyribonucleases with aptamers，their precise recognitionand eficient cleavage of target molecules can be realized；and the deoxyribozyme sequences can be used for logical operations and the development of molecular computers after suitable design. In this review， various approaches to the modification and design of DNAzymes were comprehensively discussed，with their unique advantages and superiority in biosensing and gene therapy，including examples of chemically and structurally modified RNA-cleaving depxurobozyme for therapeutic and sensing applications in the recent years.Ultimately，the review discussed the challenges and prospects of RNA-cleaving DNAzymeby for itsapplications in disease diagnostic and therapy，aiming to provide the reference farthe further application of deoxyribozyme in related fields.

KEYWORDS Deoxyribozyme；Biosensor;Gene therapy；DNA nanostructures；Fluorescence probe

疾病相关标志物的精确分析对疾病的早期发现和治疗至关重要[1]。（剩余22671字）