热处理工艺对高速钢冲头组织与残余应力分布的影响

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中图分类号：TG156.2 文献标识码：A DOI：10.7535/hbkd.2025yx06008

Abstract：Tooptimize the heat treatment processand enhance theperformance of M42 high-speedstel punches，which are pronetoedgecollapsefilureduringserviceduetoresidualstress，this studysystematicall investigatedtheregulatoryectof spheroidizing annealing pre-treatmentonthe microstructureandresidual stressdistributionin M42 high-speed steel punches throughoutthecompletequenching and tempering processchain.Two heattreatment routes，withand without spheroidizing annealing，weredesigned.Scanning electronmicroscopy（SEM）and X-raydifractometry（XRD）wereemployed tocharacterize the microstructure and surface residual stress of the punches at diferent process stages，and ABAQUS finite element software wasusedtosimulate theresidual stress evolution during theentire proces.Theresultsshowthatspheroidizing annealing can release 70%～90% of the initial residual stress introduced by extrusion processing and significantly improve the stress distributionafterfinalheattreatment.Notably，atthecriticalrootarea wherethepunch ispronetofilure，thestress state is optimized from a compressive stress of -400 MPa to a tensile stress of +100MPa ，which is beneficial for counteracting the service loads.Concurrently，spheroidizingannealing significantlyenhances the proportionoffinecarbides smaller than 1.5μm （2号 inthe microstructure，exhibiting a uniform and dispersed distribution.Adding spheroidizing annealing pre-treatmentisan efectivemeans tooptimizetheresidualstress distributionandrefinecarbidesinM42high-speedsteelpunches.This study reveals its underlying mechanisms and provides reference forthe heattreatmentprocess designof high-performance punches.

Keywords：heat treatment；M42 high-speed stel（HSS）；spheroidizingannealing；residualstress；carbide refinement;finite element simulation

高速钢（high-speed steel，HSS）因其卓越的硬度、耐磨性及热稳定性，成为制造高效精密冲头和刀具的优选材料[1]。（剩余14026字）