2A14 铝合金球壳热拉伸成型本构方程建立及数值模拟

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doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2025.09.009

Establishment Of the Constitutive Equation And Numerical Simulation of Hot Tensile Forming of 2A14 Aluminum Alloy Spherical Shells

LUO Hankun， KONG Jinxing，DU Dongxing （ Institute of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology， China Academy of Engineering Physics， Mianyang 621900， China ）

Abstract ： An accurate constitutive equation is essential for predicting material deformation and simulating flow stress during tensile forming processes.This study investigates the flow behavior of 2A14 aluminum alloy under varying temperatures （270-470∘C） ，strain rates （0.001-1s-1） ， and sampling directions （0∘，45∘ and 90∘ ） through tensile experiments to obtain its true stres-strain curves.The results demonstrate that the maximum deviation of the true stress-strain curves across the three sampling directions does not exceed 5% ，indicating isotropic stress-strain behavior inthespherical shell.The flow stress of 2A14 aluminum alloy exhibits a synergistic coupling effect of temperature and strain rate：（1） Increasing deformation temperature enhances material softening，leading to a significant decline in flow stress；（2）Atconstant temperatures，dislocation proliferationisincreasedastherise ofstrainrates，resulting inhigher flow stress.Byfiting the Arrhenius equation to corelate deformation temperature，strainrate，and flow stress，the material constantsandconstitutive model for high-temperature deformation areestablished.This model is furtherapplied in thermoforming simulations of sphericalshellcomponents，and the stress-strain evolution during hottensile forming is predicted. The findings serve as a theoretical foundation for optimizing the tensile forming process of 2A14 aluminum alloy spherical shells and provide guidance for subsequent manufacturing research.

Key words ： 2A14 aluminum alloy ： tensile forming ： flow stress; constitutive equation ; high-temperature formingsimulation

2A14铝合金材料凭借其高强度、优异热塑性和良好焊接性能等优点[1-2]，已成为国防装备、航空航天的关键性结构材料。（剩余7253字）