基于可靠度裕度的高速列车机会维修决策模型

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中图分类号：U279.4 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2025.09.006

文章编号：1006-0316 （2025）09-0037-07

Opportunistic Maintenance Decision Model for High-Speed Train Based on Reliability Margins

CHEN Jiayu， SONG Dongli

（StateKeyLaboratory of Rail TransitVehicleSystem，Southwest Jiaotong University， Chengdu 610031， China）

Abstract ： This article proposes an opportunistic maintenance decision-making model for critical components of high-speed train bogies basedonreliability margin，in response to the issues of insuficient or excesive maintenance in current prevent maintenance practices.The model employs a hybrid failure rate model to characterize the impact of maintenance activities on component failure rates and introduces the concept of reliability margin to establish a connection between the objective reliability trend of the component and the opportunistic window. The quantum genetic algorithm was applied to solve the preventive maintenance reliability and number of maintenance cycles that minimize maintenance costs. Utilizing historical failure data froma specific type of high-speed train bogie and considering factors such as failure frequency and component structure，the maintenance model was solved and analyzed for four critical components.The result indicates that， compared with traditional single-component preventive maintenance strategies，the proposed system-level opportunistic maintenance strategy based on reliability margin can reduce maintenance costs by 38.85% and maintenance frequency by 62.5% ，therebyeffectivelyenhancingtheavailability of the train.Thisprovidesa scientific theoretical basis and reference for the improvement of preventive maintenance practices for high-speed train bogies.

Key words ：high-speed train ;bogie ; reliability-margin ;quantum genetic algorithm ; opportunity maintenance

近十余年来，我国高速铁路发展迅速，高速列车已进入重要维护阶段，如何采用科学合理有效的方法对其进行维护以保证其高效安全稳定运行意义重大。（剩余6630字）