论晚清电报公文的流转、管理与效力

Abstract： As a product of modern technology， theemergence of telegraph documents has hada significant impact on the traditional paperwork. Thecirculation of telegrams and official documents isdifferent from traditional postal services， fromthe local governmentto the Prime Minister's Office，and then to the Military Affairs Department for submission to the imperial court. The managementof telegraph documents mainly involves punishing errors，strengthening confidentiality，and clarifying levels.During the Hundred Day's Reform，telegraphofficial documentsobtainedthe legal effect of official documents，and together with traditional postal communication，they formed the late Qing official document transmission system.

Keywords：Late Qing Dynasty;Telegraph documents;Paperwork

“历代之所无而近代之所盛行者，电报是也"。（剩余9391字）