强冲击环境下人员颅脑损伤的评价方法

打开文本图片集

中图分类号：0384 国标学科代码：13035 文献标志码：A

Abstract： Due totherapid development of militarytechnology，there are more deployments ofnewarms，high-tech weapons andlarge-calibershels inregionalandlocal warfare，contributing toasarpsurgeinthe incidencesofcraniocerebral trauma among militarypersonneldue toblastshockwaves.Thus，blast-inducedtraumaticbraininjuryatpresentisconsideredasoneof themostprominentfomsof ijuryonthebattefield.Inordertoassssthecraniocerebralinjuryofpersonnelundertheeffect of theblast shock wave，it is urgent to establish aset of scientific，rational andcomprehensiveevaluationmethods.Using a realistic physical manikin modelwith Chinesehumanbodysizecharacteristicsandasensingsystem tocarryoutthreeKindsof shock wave intensity shock tubeexperiments，thisstudy systematicallyobtained the change process of head surface overpressure，head centroid acelerationandangular velocityas wellasneck forceand torqueoftherealisticphysical manikin model with time.Basedonthe short-termand long-term injuryefects ofthe explosiononthe humancraniumand brain，based onthe3mscriterion，headinjurycriterion （HIC），brain injurycriteria （BrIC）andneck injuryindicatorstodeterminethe damage andthe degreeof damage to the humanbodyto carry out a comprehensive research and judgment. The results showed that under three diferent strong shockwave environments，the shock wave overpressure duration was less than 5ms ， acceleration and neck force lasted 5-6ms ，and angular velocity and neck torque lasted 50-244ms ； the peak centroid resultant acceleration in the head of the realistic physical manikin model was （54.60±3.69）g. （102.00±1.72）g and （161.50±6.36）g ，and the calculated HIC15 showed that the head injury threshold was not reached; according to the combined determination of head surface pressre loadandBrIC，the probabilityofcraniocerebral injury increasedsignificantly，and protective measuresshould be taken to reduce the risk of injury.

Keywords： blast-induced traumatic brain injury; evaluation method; realistic physical manikin; shock tube; shock wave

美军在伊拉克和阿富汗的战伤统计数据显示，约 20% 的士兵遭受头面部损伤，其中 83.3% 是由爆炸冲击所致[1-2]。（剩余22163字）