考虑非恒定摩阻和空化的水击数值模拟

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中图分类号：TV134.1 文献标志码：A文章编号：1000-4939（2025）04-0902-13

Abstract：Currently，for the numerical models of water hammer used in hydraulic projects，the effect of cavitation is mostly neglected，and the quasi-steady friction model，that is the Darcy-Weisbach formula，is used.This leads to the underestimation of water hammer pressure.In this study，numerical model of water hammer is developed by using the method of characteristics with four unsteady friction models，and two cavitation models，DVCM and DGCM，are included.The accuracy of the numerical model developed is verified by comparing against the experimental results available，and the parametric sensitivity is further analyzed.The results show that the DGCM model can accurately predict cavitation and water hammer phenomenon with column separation and can also accurately predict the phase lag of pressure wave caused by cavitation.The lower accuracy of the DVCM model for severe cavitation and the water hammer phenomenon column separation is found，and the phase lag of the pressure wave caused by cavitation cannot be predicted accurately.The three unsteady friction models，namely，ZIELKE model， VARDY & BROWN model and ZARZYCKI model，are accurate enough under all flow conditions tested in this study，while the BRUNONE's unsteady friction model cannot predict the pressure waveform accurately. When cavitation and column separation occur，it is found that the unsteady friction has litle effect on the pressure variations， and therefore allfour unsteady friction models are accurate enough for the simulation of water hammer with cavitation.

Key words ： water hammer; cavitation； unsteady friction； numerical simulation

水击（又称水锤）是管道输水系统中经常发生的一种具有极大破坏性的瞬变流过程，该过程中，管道内水流为非恒定流，压力正负交替变化[1]。（剩余19497字）