干热河谷经济树种牛油果生长和水肥需求特性研究进展

摘 要：高效的水肥管理是实现干热河谷牛油果优质高产的主要技术。该文概述了牛油果植物学特征，分析了牛油果对大、中、微量营养元素的需求特性、耐盐特性和水分需求特性，指出牛油果全年可生长，根系脆弱，需要大量的钙养分供应，其灌溉设计的作物参数应取值在0.6～0.8。

关键词：牛油果;生长特征;水肥需求特征;干热河谷;研究进展

中图分类号 S667.9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2022）10-0047-05

Recent Advances in the Growth Characteristics and Water and Fertilizer Demand Characteristics of Avocado （An Economic Tree Species） in Dry-Hot Valley

YANG Yulin1  QI Peisen1  YANG Yongzhi1   WANG Xie2   YOU Jiyong1   HUANG Lanying1   ZHANG Hao1

HE Wei1

（1Sichuan Academy of  Forestry， Ecological Restoration and Conservation on Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province， Chengdu 610081， China; 2Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu 610066， China）

Abstract： Efficient water and fertilizer management technology is the main technical means to achieve high quality and high yield of avocado in dry-hot valley. On the basis of summarizing the botanical characteristics of avocado， this paper summarized the demand characteristics of large， medium and tiny nutrients， salt tolerance characteristics and water demand characteristics of avocado. The results showed that the annual growth of avocado did not stop， and its root system was fragile， which required a lot of calcium supply. Meanwhile， the crop parameters for irrigation design should be between 0.6 and 0.8.

Key words： Avocado; Growth characteristics; Water and fertilizer demand characteristics; Hot-Dry Valley; Advances

牛油果，中文学名鳄梨（Persea americana Mill.），又名油梨、樟梨、酷梨、奶油果、幸福果，为樟科牛油果属植物，原产热带美洲地区[1]。（剩余13690字）